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Fig. 1 Partial photo of high-speed orthogonal turning and milling machine 
(a) Back face 
(b) Front rake surface Figure 2 Wear patterns of cermet cutting tools for dry high-speed turning and milling of D60 steel 
Figure 3 Wear curves of cermet cutting tools for dry high-speed turning and milling of D60 steels From the experimental results, under the cooling conditions of water-soluble coolant pouring, after high-speed turning and milling of D60 steel, the flank wear of the cermet cutting tool after 18 min cutting , VBmax up to 0.55mm. In the case of dry high-speed turning and milling of D60 steel, after 160 minutes of cutting, the flank wear loss VRmax reaches 0.5 mm, and the wear resistance is much higher than that of the water-cooled coolant casting wet cooling high-speed turning mill. The wear curve of the tool flank when dry high-speed car-turning D60 steel is shown in Figure 3. Similar to the tool wear law under the conventional cutting speed, the tool wear process consists of three stages: initial wear, normal wear, and severe wear. Microscopic observation shows that in the initial wear stage, the flank wear of the tool is relatively uniform, and the wear amount is about 0.03 mm. During the normal wear and severe wear stages, the appearance of the flank wear area gradually assumes a burly shape, and more wear groove marks are formed along the cutting speed direction. Scanning electron microscopy showed that micro-cracks were present in the flank wear zone as shown in Fig. 4. However, compared with wet high-speed turning and milling, the distribution density of micro-cracks in the flank wear area during dry high-speed turning is much lower. This is due to the fact that during dry high-speed turning, although there is high-frequency alternating thermal stress in the tool wear area due to the tool cutting process and the temperature change after cutting, the surface temperature change in the tool wear area is much lower than that in wet cutting. Variety. Therefore, in the ten-type cutting, the high-frequency alternating thermal stress acting on the tool surface is small. Therefore, the crack amplitude and distribution density formed in the tool wear zone are small. 
Fig. 4 Microcracking of the flank wear area of ​​a cermet cutting tool 
Fig.5 Micro pits formed on the worn surface of the tool after the hard phase is detached From Fig.4, it can be seen that the width of the wear scar in the cutting speed direction of the tool flank is equal to the size of the hard phase (TiC) in the tool. Further, we observed the surface of the wear zone with a scanning electron microscope at a high magnification and found that a large number of tiny pits were left on the surface of the wear zone, as shown in FIG. 5 . In the case of dry-type high-speed turning and milling of D60 steel, although the temperature during the non-cutting stage of the blade has decreased, the average temperature of the blade during the entire cutting process is high due to the high tool speed and the short non-cutting time. Under high temperature conditions, the binder phase Ni and Co in the cermet insert soften, and the bond strength to the hard phase decreases. In the cutting process, due to the mechanical friction force, the hard phase falls off and causes tool wear. . In addition, Chiedeichi, Japan's Kimchi Institute of Technology, conducted high-speed turning experiments with a cermet tool at a cutting speed of 300m/min. It is believed that the main cause of kerf wear of the cermet tool is thermal diffusion wear. It can be considered that dry high-speed turning and milling cuts the cutting time of the workpiece to no more than 1/Z per tool per revolution. Therefore, Fe in the workpiece material diffuses to the surface of the tool, or the surface elements of the tool diffuse into the workpiece and chips. The possibility is not great. However, due to the high average blade temperature during high speed turning and milling of D60 steel under the condition of type, during long-term cutting, the adhesive phase in the inner layer of the blade can spread to the surface and be taken away in the subsequent cutting process, which is also caused by One of the reasons for the decrease in the bond strength of the hard phase of the tool surface and the shedding of the hard phase particles. 4 Conclusions The main wear pattern of cermet cutting tools is dry flank wear during dry high speed milling of D60 steel. In dry-type high-speed turning and milling of D60 steel, the wear resistance of cermet cutting tools is much higher than that of water-soluble coolant pouring and cooling wet high-speed turning. During the cutting process, due to the softening of the binder phase, the bond strength of the hard phase decreases and the shedding is the main cause of tool wear.
Research on Wear Mechanism of Cermet Tool During Dry Milling
1 Introduction High-speed machining not only significantly improves the machining efficiency of the part, but also enables the machining accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece to reach a higher level. It is an important development direction in the field of mechanical manufacturing. High-speed milling and milling technology is a kind of advanced processing technology that uses milling cutters instead of turning tools to achieve high-speed cutting of rotating parts through workpiece rotation and high-speed rotation of the tool. When cutting, the workpiece does not need to rotate at high speed. Therefore, it is more unique to achieve high-speed and precision machining of large-sized and thin-walled rotating parts. In addition, the high-speed turning and milling machining is interrupted cutting, and the actual cutting time of each blade during each rotation of the tool does not exceed 1/Z (Z is the number of teeth of the milling cutter). In the non-cutting stage, the blade can be effectively cooled, and it is expected that the high-speed cutting of the rotary body parts can be achieved under dry cutting conditions, which is conducive to green manufacturing. However, there are many problems in high-speed milling of steel workpieces under dry cutting conditions that need to be studied theoretically and experimentally. For turning machining, the structure of the spindle chuck system is complex, the volume is large, and the dynamic balance is much more difficult than that of the milling spindle, and the improvement of the cutting speed is limited. In high-speed turning of steel parts, high-temperature chips continuously flow along the rake face, cutting zone temperature is high, and the tool is easily worn. For this reason, we chose a cermet tool with excellent performance in the steel cutting process, conducted a high-speed turning and milling experiment, and studied the wear characteristics and wear mechanism of the D60 steel.